Trachemys terrapen

Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Control Surface Actuator

A device which actuates aircraft control surfaces is disclosed. The actuator is disposed entirely within the control surface structure. This allows the gap between the wing structural box and the control surface to be reduced. Reducing the size of the gap is especially desirable for wings with high aspect ratio, wherein the volume of the structural box is at a premium

Trachemys nebulosa

Number of Pages: 8Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Trachemys decussata

Number of Pages: 3Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Trachemys taylori

Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Numerical Evolution of Dynamic 3D Black Holes: Extracting Waves

We consider the numerical evolution of dynamic black hole initial data sets with a full 3D, nonlinear evolution code. These data sets consist of single black holes distorted by strong gravitational waves, and mimic the late stages of coalescing black holes. Through comparison with results from well established axisymmetric codes, we show that these dynamic black holes can be accurately evolved. In particular, we show that with present computational resources and techniques, the process of excitation and ringdown of the black hole can be evolved, and one can now extract accurately the gravitational waves emitted from the 3D Cartesian metric functions, even though they may be buried in the metric at levels on the order of $10^{-3}$ and below. Waveforms for both the $\ell=2$ and the much more difficult $\ell=4$ modes are computed and compared with axisymmetric calculations. In addition to exploring the physics of distorted black hole data sets, and showing the extent to which the waves can be accurately extracted, these results also provide important testbeds for all fully nonlinear numerical codes designed to evolve black hole spacetimes in 3D, whether they use singularity avoiding slicings, apparent horizon boundary conditions, or other evolution methods.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, LaTe

Trachemys dorbigni

Number of Pages: 3Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Sternotherus odoratus

Number of Pages: 4Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Pseudemys

Number of Pages: 7Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Trachemys

Number of Pages: 17Integrative BiologyGeological Science